A PV solar installation comprises several components essential for its operation. Solar panels serve as the core of the photovoltaic system, converting sunlight into electrical current. This current, in the form of DC (direct current), flows consistently in one direction. When surplus energy is generated and not immediately needed, it can be stored in solar batteries for future use.

However, household electronics and the electric grid primarily utilize AC (alternating current), where electrons oscillate back and forth in alternating directions. To bridge this gap, an inverter is employed to convert the DC power generated by the solar panels into AC power. Once converted, the AC power becomes accessible for consumption by household appliances like TVs. Moreover, any excess energy produced can be fed back into the grid, often resulting in compensation for the surplus energy supplied.